The Mysterious Moons of Pluto

The Mysterious Moons of Pluto Planet Pluto continues to tell a fascinating story as scientists pore over the data taken by the New Horizons mission in 2015. Long before the tiny spacecraft passed through the system, the science team knew there were five moons out there, worlds that were distant and mysterious. They were hoping to get a closer look at as many of these places as possible in an effort to understand more about them and how they came to exist. As the spacecraft whizzed past, it captured close-up images of Charon - Plutos largest moon, and glimpses of the smaller ones. These were named Styx, Nix, Kerberos, and Hydra. The four smaller moons orbit in circular paths, with Pluto and Charon orbiting together like the bulls-eye of a target. Planetary scientists suspect that Plutos moons formed in the aftermath of a titanic collision between at least two objects that occurred in the distant past. Pluto and Charon settled into a locked orbit with each other, while the other moons scattered out to more distant orbits. Charon Plutos largest moon, Charon, was first discovered in 1978, when an observer at the Naval Observatory captured an image of what looked almost like a bump growing out the side of Pluto. Its about half the size of Pluto, and its surface is mostly grayish with mottled areas of reddish material near one pole. That polar material is made up of a substance called tholin, which is made up of methane or ethane molecules, sometimes combined with nitrogen ices, and reddened by constant exposure to solar ultraviolet light. The ices form as gases from Pluto transfer from and get deposited onto Charon (which lies only about 12,000 miles away). Pluto and Charon are locked in an orbit that takes 6.3 days and they keep the same face toward each other all the time. At one time, scientists considered calling these a binary planet, and there is some consensus that Charon itself could be a dwarf planet. Even though Charons surface is frigid and icy, it turns out to more than 50 percent rock in its interior. Pluto itself is more rocky, and covered with an icy shell. Charons icy covering is mostly water ice, with patches of other material from Pluto, or coming from under the surface by cryovolcanoes. New Horizons  got close enough, no one was sure what to expect about Charons surface. So, it was fascinating to see the greyish ice, colored in spots with the tholins. At least one large canyon splits the landscape, and there are more craters in the north than the south. This suggests that something happened to resurface Charon and cover many old craters. The name Charon comes from the Greek legends of the underworld (Hades). He was the boatman sent to ferry the souls of the deceased over the river Styx. In deference to the discoverer of Charon, who referenced his wifes name for the world, its spelled Charon, but pronounced SHARE-on.   The Smaller Moons of Pluto Styx, Nyx, Hydra and Kerberos are tiny worlds that orbit between two and four times the distance that Charon does from Pluto. Theyre oddly shaped, which lends credence to the idea that they formed as part of a collision in Plutos past. Styx was discovered in 2012 as astronomers were using Hubble Space Telescope to search the system for moons and rings around Pluto. It appears to have an elongated shape, and is about 3 by 4.3 miles. Nyx orbits out beyond Styx, and was found in 2006 along with distant Hydra. Its about 33 by 25 by 22 miles across, making it somewhat oddly shaped, and it takes nearly 25 days to make one orbit of Pluto. It may have some of the same tholins as Charon spread across its surface, but New Horizons didnt get close enough to get many details. Hydra is the most distant of Plutos five moons, and New Horizons  was able to get a fairly good image of it as the spacecraft went by. There appear to be a few craters on its lumpy surface. Hydra measures about 34 by 25 miles and takes about 39 days to make one orbit around Pluto. The most mysterious-looking moon is Kerberos, which looks lumpy and misshapen in the New Horizons mission image. It appears to be a double-lobed world about 11 12 x 3 miles across. It takes just over 5 days to make one trip around Pluto. Not much else is known about Kerberos, which was discovered in 2011 by astronomers using Hubble Space Telescope. How Did Plutos Moons Get Their Names? Pluto is named for the god of the underworld in Greek mythology. So, when astronomers wanted to name the moons in orbit with it, they looked to the same classical mythology. Styx is the river that dead souls were supposed to cross to get to Hades, while Nix is the Greek goddess of darkness. Hydra is a many-headed serpent thought to have battled with the Greek hero Heracles. Kerberos is an alternate spelling for Cereberus, the so-called hound of Hades who guarded the gates to the underworld in mythology. Now that New Horizons is well beyond Pluto, its next target is a small dwarf planet in the Kuiper Belt. It will pass by that one on January 1, 2019. Its first reconnaissance of this distant region taught much about the Pluto system and the next one promises to be equally interesting as it reveals more about the solar system and its distant worlds.

Statement of Purpose Personal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 7

Of Purpose - Personal Statement Example egree from a university in the United States of America would be a better chance for me to have more exposure, not just academically but also in other aspects of life. I therefore intend to use my master’s program scholarship that I have gotten from the government in the US as opposed to in Saudi Arabia. Following that, I have a curious interest in a number of universities in the United States where I can take up my master’s degree program and after much Endeavour, I have settles for the university of (insert university here). I believe the University of (Insert University here) has the resources I need, right from a dedicated faculty to a vibrant student community. This is why I would be so pleasured to get a position in this university to complete my master’s degree. I am therefore humbly applying and hoping to get a positive feedback as I embark to further my studies in this discipline that that has been my first love in academics. I also believe that I will not only be gaining from the university but will also be a worthwhile and useful addition to the student community. I am a vibrant student and I fully believe that education is not only about books, but goes beyond just studying. I believe education is less useful if one cannot be part of a social system that utilizes this education. In this respect, I always engage in more than education and I believe my coordination skills and intuition will be found useful by my fellow students as well as the faculty as and the university at large. I believe that getting an opportunity to study in the University of (Insert University here) will help me to not only explore and expand my academic talent but will also help me to use my other talents for the good of the university. This is because I believe that learning is as much a process of teaching and I hope to help undergraduate students to become better students. Studying in the University Of Tabuk gave me some useful experience that I believe will be good for

The septuagint and it's origins Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The septuagint and it's origins - Research Paper Example It is significant to note that the Septuagint had its emergence or origin in Alexandria (Hengel 25-27). In addition, it was broadly utilized among the Hellenistic Jews. The Greek translation was conducted because many Jews in the empire started to lose their original Hebrew language. The Letter of Aristeas started that about 72 Jews writers were mandated during the rule of Ptolemy Philadelphus to conduct the work of translation. Therefore, the word Septuagint refers to seventy in Latin Language and the scripture is called so to acknowledge the 72 Jews scholars. It is difficult to tell the exact century and place in which the translation was done but renowned Jews scholars such as Aristobulus who lived in the 2nd century asserted that the description of the policy or law into Greek was finished during the rule of Ptolemy Philadelphus. Due to this, it has been acknowledged that the translation commenced during this time. It is recorded in the letter of the Aristeas that when the transl ation was read in front of the Jewish priests, people and princes in Alexandria who identified and praised the excellent conformity of the translation with the original Hebrew. On the other hand, the widely accepted origin of the Septuagint holds that according to the Pentateuch, the Jews people in the 2nd and 3rd century were many in Egypt, particularly in Alexandria in that at one point, they comprised of the two-fifths of the total population (Abraham 55). Gradually, the Jews people stopped using the Hebrew language and began to forget it, which posed a risk of them forgetting the law. However, it became customary for to explain and interpret the law, which was read in the temple or synagogue, and it was usual that after some time, some people zealous for the policy or law should have commenced to collect and compile a Greek translation of the law or the Pentateuch (Mclay 39-42). This process took place in the middle of the 3rd century. It is important to note that as to the othe r Hebrew Scriptures-the historical and prophetical-it was usual that the Jews living in Alexandria were using the translated law or Pentateuch in their church or liturgical services. In addition, the desire to read the remaining scriptures led to the gradual translation into Greek, which had become their original language. This in turn implied that the Hebrew language was diminishing and dying daily. It is not easy to figure out the exact time in which the translations were made but it can be deduced that Pentateuch or law, historical, prophets and other scriptures or books such as hagiographies existed in Greek as early as the 2nd century. It is also difficult to know the exact number of the translators but it is said that they were seventy or seventy tow as stated in the Brassac-Vigouroux narration. On the other hand, the Talmudists argue that the law or Pentateuch was translated by five people. History offers us no precise figure but the scriptures reveal that the authors were di stinct for different scriptures (Wegner 61-4). Hebrew Bible The Hebrew Bible or book is a word applied to refer to the accepted anthology or collection of Jewish scripture that are the common source of the Old Testament scriptures. These books are

Binh Danh Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Binh Danh - Research Paper Example In his words, "Its almost my religious practice when I make my own artwork because Im coming up with my own concept about what is life, what is death, what is consciousness, what is history.† (Sparks, 2006). Binh Danh has tried to pay respect through his work to the people who have suffered during the war of Vietnam; the soldiers, the common man and the children who lost their parents during the brutality of war. In Binh Danh’s own words, â€Å" for me its becomes almost a religion, it’s almost my own religious practice when I make my own artwork, because I am coming up with my own concept of what is life and what is death, what is consciousness and what is history† (Sparks, 2006). Binh Danh has derived his inspiration from the life he had seen in Vietnam; the war, the tragic incidents of life and death that moved around him. His work displays more reality and it is closer to the bitter realities and life circumstances faced by every Vietnamese. His main theme of the work is focused on the subject of life and death. His photographs reflect the memories of his stay in Vietnam which made him suffered in a bad way. His images portray violence, blood, death and war scenes that are scribbled on his mind. His images clearly tell the scenes of war in Vietnam and the political crisis that overall affected the wheel of economy of the country. Binh Danh used a uniquely different technique in his photography which distinguishes his work from the rest of the work. He invented his own technique which is different from what was being used by the other artists. His technique is innovative and as well as, it is organic in nature. His style is also known as chlorophyll technique in which the artist uses the most suitable leaf to take a print on it. Sometimes he picks fresh leaves for more clear images and sometimes, he also picks leaves which are marred

Online Relationships Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Online Relationships - Essay Example In fact, virtual teams have become so important that many companies cannot do well without them because of the fact that some of the most brilliant ideas tend to come from such teams. The heavy reliance of these companies on the virtual teams has come to make them indispensable and because of this, they have come to attract dynamic groups of individuals from all over the world and this has enabled the development of ideas at a grand scale since they are a merger of ideas from diverse cultures. As a result, virtual teams have become essential in the modern economic world and it is most likely that they are here to stay. Working in virtual teams can be said to be a way through which employees of some organizations or institutions are allowed to work away from a centralized workplace, using available information technologies. In such cases, these individual do not have to go to work, and instead, they send and receive whatever assignments they have online, and this ensures that they are able to work from the comfort of their own homes and at their own time. Such working arrangements involve individuals within the virtual team working at a place, which is convenient for them. This may include at home, or at a coffee shop and this trend can be said to have been growing for more than thirty years and it is increasingly becoming popular especially because of the fact that many companies have little office space to spare. Virtual teams have been taken advantage of by many companies because they not only save on office space, but they also allow these companies to get more work done by having more employees without having to create space for them to work. In addition, because of the global availability of the internet, it has become easier to employ individuals from all over the world irrespective of their nationalities or cultural backgrounds. When working within virtual teams, the home might up becoming the workplace of those individuals involved in them and to make i t more of a comfortable working environment, such an individual will always equip with the necessary accessories. Even if the individuals in the team work at the office, on the other hand, it also gives them the ability to be able to collaborate with others on the same field not only in writing but also in the development of projects that come from the different ideas from the various members of the team. Since most of the individuals who work in virtual team can work from anywhere, either in their homes or at their offices, the differences between home and work eventually become blurred, and the privacy, which the home previously provided, is lost. This means that the home is no longer seen to be a refuge from a hard day’s work, but an extension of the workplace and it is possible that such situations may be problematic for some of these individuals because it leads to an increase in work related stress. In addition, the traditional way through which people worked and intera cted at the office is lost, since the close proximity and interpersonal interactions, which could be achieved at the workplace, is lost. Virtual teams encourage the isolation of an individual from any form of social life and this may be detrimental to their mental health. In conclusion, it can be said that virtual teaming is a growing trend

Huckleberry Finn or Uncle Tom Cabin Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Huckleberry Finn or Uncle Tom Cabin - Essay Example ano)-to a slave trader. Although Emily Shelby despises such an idea as she had assured her maid that her child, in no way , would be sold; Emily's son, George Shelly (Thomas Fritsch), detests to see Tom leaving as he finds him as his great friend and guide. Eliza , on the first impression, appears to be a very weak woman.Eavesdropping on Mr. and Mrs. Shelby she comes to know aabout their plans to sell Tom and Harry, when she resolves to flee with her son. From the film it appears that Eliza's decision comes not from her courage or confidence not to bow down to injustice, but by her fear of losing her onlyliving child (she already lost two children owing to miscarriage). Next we see her leaving the house of Arthur and Eliza Emily Shelby that night, leaving a letter admitting guilt to her mistress. But why should she The answer is to be found in the novel which the film follows strictly. In the novel Stowe portrayed like Eliza, as an as the "ideal Christian"(Athena, 1995). Later critics have observed that Stowe's female characters are often " domestic cliches", weak rather than strong and realistic women(Lowance et al, 1994). Stowe's puritinical values show up in the novels final, overriding subject matter -- the search of the nature of Christinaity and how Christianity goes aginst slavery that also overshadows the film , the theme being most evident when we see Tom insisting St. Clare(O.W. Fisher) to "look away to Jesus" after the death of St. Clare's dearest daughter little Eva ( the white young girl whoTom saves fron drowing down Mississipi river while he is sold and placed on a boat sailing down the and with whom he befriends a young white girl. Augustine St.Clare, the grateful father of Eva, in return, Eva's father, buys Tom from the slave trader and takes him with the family to their home in New Orleans while Tom and Eva starts to come closer owing to the the deep Christian faith they both share). After Tom's death , waxing lyrical about Tom George Shelby, says, "What a thing it is to be a Christian.". Christianity as theme dominating over the novel makes the film appear like a lecture where women are always to be depicited as submissive and yeilding, carinng only to motherhood. Those women who are depicted as Villainous here, are the typse that donot conform to Christianity. For example, the wife of St.Clare (Eleonara Rossi-Drago). After St. Clare is gravely stabbed while trying to stop a fight intervening in a fight Mrs St.Clare breaks her late husband's promise and sells Tom at mart to a brutal plantation owner named Simon Legree( Herbert Lom).Legree , not an indigenous southerner but a relocated Yankee. This very act of Mrs St.Clare suggests that the film has the message that women , if not belonging to the meek, religious values teaching submissio can become ruthlessly cruel to counteract their male partners, in this case the good and sincere St.Clare. We also see

Online Relationships Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Online Relationships - Essay Example In fact, virtual teams have become so important that many companies cannot do well without them because of the fact that some of the most brilliant ideas tend to come from such teams. The heavy reliance of these companies on the virtual teams has come to make them indispensable and because of this, they have come to attract dynamic groups of individuals from all over the world and this has enabled the development of ideas at a grand scale since they are a merger of ideas from diverse cultures. As a result, virtual teams have become essential in the modern economic world and it is most likely that they are here to stay. Working in virtual teams can be said to be a way through which employees of some organizations or institutions are allowed to work away from a centralized workplace, using available information technologies. In such cases, these individual do not have to go to work, and instead, they send and receive whatever assignments they have online, and this ensures that they are able to work from the comfort of their own homes and at their own time. Such working arrangements involve individuals within the virtual team working at a place, which is convenient for them. This may include at home, or at a coffee shop and this trend can be said to have been growing for more than thirty years and it is increasingly becoming popular especially because of the fact that many companies have little office space to spare. Virtual teams have been taken advantage of by many companies because they not only save on office space, but they also allow these companies to get more work done by having more employees without having to create space for them to work. In addition, because of the global availability of the internet, it has become easier to employ individuals from all over the world irrespective of their nationalities or cultural backgrounds. When working within virtual teams, the home might up becoming the workplace of those individuals involved in them and to make i t more of a comfortable working environment, such an individual will always equip with the necessary accessories. Even if the individuals in the team work at the office, on the other hand, it also gives them the ability to be able to collaborate with others on the same field not only in writing but also in the development of projects that come from the different ideas from the various members of the team. Since most of the individuals who work in virtual team can work from anywhere, either in their homes or at their offices, the differences between home and work eventually become blurred, and the privacy, which the home previously provided, is lost. This means that the home is no longer seen to be a refuge from a hard day’s work, but an extension of the workplace and it is possible that such situations may be problematic for some of these individuals because it leads to an increase in work related stress. In addition, the traditional way through which people worked and intera cted at the office is lost, since the close proximity and interpersonal interactions, which could be achieved at the workplace, is lost. Virtual teams encourage the isolation of an individual from any form of social life and this may be detrimental to their mental health. In conclusion, it can be said that virtual teaming is a growing trend